Economic Analysis of Oligopoly Essay

This has been broadened and they are presently hoping to extend their hang on the Australian market by moving into the alcohol business. Julian Lee (2008) features Coles and Woolworths move into the business, by attempting to expand on their past acquisitions of alcohol outlets to challenge the significant brands for a portion of the $6 billion every year Australian lager showcase. The article uncovers that Coles and Woolworths plan to ‘give more space to their own brews and advance the lagers in their hotels’. The brew showcase has so far been safe and has held a solid brand dependability. Coles and Woolworths are going up against one another and depending intensely on cost limiting and framing provider agreements to accomplish selective gracefully. The article addresses whether these oligopolies will be as effective as already in accomplishing their total predominance in light of the fact that ‘home or elite brands’ are as of now just a little segment of the market. b Justification of the subject ‘Supermarkets blend up a case loaded with profits’ is an article that plainly depicts the functions on an oligopolistic advertise. The way that the market is administered by two amazing firms that can impact value shows that the market all the more intently looks like a duopolistic structure. The brew and alcohol industry involves a separated oligopoly of which Woolworths and Coles are the principle controllers. Woolworths and Coles control somewhere in the range of 78 and 80. percent of the national basic food item advertise as per two 2008 retail reviews (Lenaghan, 2008), demonstrating an extremely high vender focus proportion, and this make sense of focuses the two giants’ portion of the grocery store industry, including their broadening into alcohol. Plainly the contenders want to expand this duopoly in the lager showcase where they have been less effective. Coles and Woolworths can be defended as a serious duopoly as they are reliant. They depend on one another o judge estimating of items and it has been recommended (Moynihan, 2007) that the two forces connive to augment their benefits. Noteworthy boundaries to section for autonomous contenders have been made including huge beginning up costs. The sheer size of their organizations permits them to impact enactm ent, the way that they envelop enormous economies of scale, and their control of crude materials causes these two firms to hold the stunning piece of the overall industry ‘to a degree unrivaled in different nations. ’(Jones, 2005) 2. Monetary Analysis It is very clear that Coles and Woolworths started their campaign of the Australian alcohol industry early. Assessments of the ‘take out marketing projection would be to some degree over $9 billion of an all out alcohol market of about $17 billon’ (Jones, 2005). Throughout the years the ascents in profitability and proficiency have empowered the organizations to sell at a limited cost. ‘Woolworths has for quite some time been occupied with a venture to decrease costs through upgrades in gracefully chain logistics’ (Jones 2005). Coles and Woolworths are very much aware that this productivity prompts expanding comes back to scale. They hold economies of scale and extension that their closest adversaries can't rival and accordingly their since quite a while ago run normal costs keep on declining whist their yield amounts are dramatically increasing. The since quite a while ago run normal cost bend (1) is delivered when economies of scale are numerous and diseconomies of scale are not many. 1. 2. It is extremely certain that Coles and Woolworths relationship of staple goods and alcohol retailing is a great case of oligopolistic firms endeavoring to additionally improve their market. ‘In the mid 80’s Coles purchased the Liquorland bunch flagging its entrance into alcohol retailing. Coles purchased Vintage Cellars in 1992, the Australian Liquor Group in 2001, and the sizeable Theo’s business in 2003. Woolworths purchased Victoria’s Dan Murphy in 1999, Tooheys Bros in Sydney in 2000, the Liberty Liquor gathering (counting Harry’s Liquor) in 2001, the Booze Brothers Chain in South Australia in 2000, the Super Cellar bunch in South Australia in 2003, Bailey and Bailey in South Australia in 2003, and ALH in late 2004. Woolworths additionally procured 18 licenses from the acquisition of Franklins’ basic food item chain in 2001’. (Jones 2005) This shows the business power that the duopoly own, in spite of the fact that as Lee rituals they have discovered that ‘beer has remained resistant’ to the takeover of private home brand names. Home brand names have depended on a limited cost to catch the market’s consideration, a procedure that will have little accomplishment with lager. The brew business is as of now ruled by premium, boutique, imported and Aussie most loved lagers that the possibility of finding an enormous piece of the pie is far-fetched. Right now the in-house brands make up ‘just 2%’ of the brew advertise, a large portion of which is taken up by Sol, a Woolworths brand. The lager business is not normal for the basic food item industry where a limited cost is positive. The Australian fermenting duopoly of Fosters and Lion Nathan both accept that ‘branded lager will win out’ and are not stressed that the items being constrained into the market by Coles and Woolworths ‘will eat into (their) showcase share’. Coles and Woolworths imagines that the low estimated private name brands will expand their requested amount from Q1 to Q2 (2) and this thus will build their piece of the overall industry and their benefits. Over the long haul they will likewise have the option to compel all the more little free brewers and merchants bankrupt in light of the fact that these retailers don't include the specialization aptitudes or work to have the option to value lower than the oligopolists or even match their costs. Albeit coordinating any value decrease for the oligopolist who holds noteworthy economies of scale can be treated with straightforwardness. This can be appeared by a descending development in the negligible cost bend. (3) The costs for the shopper would diminish and the normal all out expense for the maker likewise diminishes. The nearby alcohol retailer could as a general rule, have no accomplishment in moving their minor cost bend to coordinate that of the oligopolists. These independents’ piece of the pie and productivity will in actuality diminish significantly. This would then be able to cause potential decreases in the business moving the flexibly bend to one side. For the shopper this is at last a negative situation as the oligopolists who charge a less expensive cost at present, will have the option to expand their costs once the other rivalry has been wiped out (4). (3)(4) The article gives light onto the way that the two giants’ are ‘creating select agreements for (their) retail outlets’ and this confines contenders selling their brands. ‘Woolworths as of now disperses Bitburger, Lowenbrau and Amsterdam Mariner, while Coles sells Hollandia, Cantina Cerveza, Bavaria, Estrella Damm, Harviestoun, La Trappe and Konig Pilsner. It additionally contracts Boag’s †presently possessed by Lion Nathan †to make Tasman Bitter, Tasman Gold and Hammer ‘n’ Tongs for the chain’. Plainly as of now Coles and Woolworths commands a great part of the brew showcase by claiming the outlets and the agreements to sell the lager itself. They foresee that dependable clients should go to their outlet when looking for their customary marked brew. It is likewise featured that ‘imported premium brew deals have developed by 20%’ from January 2007, a figure which is probably going to increment. Coles and Woolworths are besides utilizing their oligopolist capacity to make hindrances and fight back at contenders. In 2002 Fosters had no real option except to rule against spreading into the retailer advertise as Coles had diminished the stocking of Fosters’ lines in its outlets (Jones, 2005). It had become evident that Coles and Woolworths were not going to leave their market alone infiltrated by different contenders and that idea of arrangement is by all accounts a customary and plausible event. In spite of the fact that oligopolists every now and again conspire, inside the lager business plot isn't yet conceivable as they are as yet attempting to overwhelm the current market. In the event that the two firms were to prevail in their methodology to rule the market and intrigue to set more significant expenses for the purchaser their overall revenues would be exceptionally high and the business would look like that of an unadulterated restraining infrastructure (5). . End The $6 billion Australian lager showcase has end up being strong to endeavors by the two mammoths to catch the business. At last the oligopolists intend to endeavor to grab hold of the lager advertise as they have finished with staple goods and petroleum. In the short run, the economies of scale and the c easeless coordinations enhancements furnishes the shopper with less expensive costs that the independents will most likely be unable to give and thus when the independents are come up short available the opposition and costs of the business may increment significantly. Coles and Woolworths are planning to ‘target the worth customer, and that’s where private mark and control names are playing. ’ The expected accomplishment of this is addressed in the article, as inside the lager business the worth customer makes up a ‘small segment of the market’. The truth will surface eventually if Coles and Woolworths can keep on broadening their past triumphs.

Critical Self Reflection Of Social Work

Basic Self Reflection Of Social Work As women's activist author Starhawk stated, Only when we know how we have been formed by the structures of intensity in which we live would we be able to become shapers (Staehawk, 1988) It is basic for each member of social movement to know our own mind boggling social areas, social position, and personalities. By recognize how these elements are prepared, we could comprehend what benefit we has hold and what mistreatment we are include so as to improve our ability for social work and practice against harshly in our every day life. Highlights of Social Locations Our participations are interactional, they are appeared in and through connection to each other. (Ringrose, 2002) Knowing what fates of our social areas are and how they are merged and changed by one another could improve the profundity of our mindfulness and cautioning us be basic. Individuals as a rule ask me inquiries about my nationality, area of old neighborhood, and my occupation when we start a discussion. Hence, the vast majority of time I am recognized as a female understudy who originates from a creating nation of Southeast Asia. Comprehensively, the motivation behind why these inquiries have been posed normally during our correspondence is a result of these social area have an equivalent component which hugy affects our practices, emphasizes, appearances. In different words, they are noticeable and discernible for individuals to perceived and distinguish. Nonetheless, contrast and these social areas, my political affiliations, religion are increasingly hard for others to indentify because of the deliberation of these social areas that make them generally undetectable and imperceptible. The impact of these social areas are ideological. They have built our belief system, social standard and even have formed our character. My social areas are different, I am an oppressor while I am persecuted by others. Understanding these highlights of my social areas could push me to mindful the benefits, forces, and shamefulness that these social areas have been purchased to me and to dodge these unjustifiable benefit, control over and emotional sentiments of foul play , so as to impart capacity to other people and practice hostile to severely in every day life. Message of Identity from Society As Aristotle has called attention to in his book Politics, Man is ordinarily a social creature, (Stagiritis, 2000) person consistently has request to interface with others so as to increase a feeling of having a place in the public arena. They have been self-finding, recognizing others and being distinguished base on their experience, training, religion, race, sexual orientation and more components of society during their association which implies that our mind boggling personality have been built by these components. As a person with multi-dimensional character, I have been gotten different cultural message in my day by day life. A portion of these messages are identify with my social foundation while a few messages identify with different components. I moved to a capital city which named Kunming from Shilin (a humble community of southwest China) when I was youthful, for the initial not many days in my new school I wear the customary Yi ensemble as what I did in my past school in Shilin as a Yi people. Be that as it may, my new colleagues gave me trouble due to I wear a dress with weaved totem as opposed to wearing an ordinary dress as they did; my instructor rebuffed me to remain on a seat with arms broadened upwards before the whole school since I wouldn't remove my arm band on the week by week gathering. In spite of the fact that I talked easily Mandarin and had been brought up in a urban scholarly family as larger part had, the greater part of understudies even educators in my new school dem onstrated their reluctance to speak with me and utilized your kin to isolated me from them. In my comprehension, the trouble to fell a feeling of having a place and acknowledgment (James, 1991) causes the sentiment of being disengagement, it was a cultural message about my personality around then. The message are passed on to me by confining me truly and mentally from the dominant part. Subsequent to getting the message I began to decline to wear any Yi garments and accomplices to class in light of the fact that the excruciating quality from being disengaged from ordinary individuals was unendurable for me as a youngster. During that time, my character had been balanced by following the procedure which has been called attention to by Smith, moving from ignorance and absence of separation to ethnic mindfulness and self-ID (Smith, 1991). Force and Privilege Our general public is different in numerous angles, for example, sex, religion, age and so on. These separations cause(s) dread, doubt, and disdain (Uvic, 2004 ) and bring us preferred position and hindrance in our life. In addition, these separations have been utilized as support for holding faith in the predominance of one method of being over another (Uvic, 2004) . We have to comprehend what sort of intensity has been installed in our social areas so as to rehearse against harshly when we face the imbalance and unjustice. Being a twenty-one year-old hetero female, I have been experienced force from-inside and power-with because of my mind boggling social areas. As being characterized as a youngsters, there are different assets and openings out there for me when I need them, for example, amusement assets ,instruction opportunity and so on. These components give me tangibly and genuinely supports to assist me with expanding individual force so as to against the mistreatment from society. In any case, I ought not feel content with this inconsistent points of interest since this standardized ageism doesn't give similarly chance to senior to partake in important social action or exercise their abilities in socially characterized and perceived ways (Muallaly, 2002) . So as to oppose benefit and unmerited favorable position, I have been taken part in a volunteer gathering which works with senior and to control interface with them all together diminishing the impacts of systematized ageism on senior. In the m ean time, just like a hetero female I have holding numerous imperceptible and obvious benefits. For instance, I won't be decided by individuals on the off chance that I connected at the hip and stroll on road with my beau; my sexual direction won't be treated as indecent or irregular. There are numerous social developments are manufactured base on the presumption that each individual sexual attractions are to somebody of other gender. Rather than considering these to be as bit of leeway, we ought not just consider them to be social protections and keep away from control over in our training, yet in addition regard and bolster all non-transitional types of sexuality (Uvic, 2004 ) by following Queer Theory. These out of line and unmerited points of interest will oppose our general public to grow exhaustively, accommodatingly and legitimately and we certainly have the duty to know about assorted variety and never accept individuals around us. Motivation behind Social Work It is fundamental for social specialist to know the reasons for this calling on the grounds that these designs are the course for us and give customers a helpful arrangement when we work with them. At the point when I started this course, in my understanding the reason for social work was improving the physical condition of individual as in a small scale level and advance the equity of society as in a large scale level. As my finding out about this calling has been handling, my thoughts of social work reason have extended. As per reason for this calling which is characterized by The National Association of Social Workers, the mission is advance or reestablish a commonly valuable communication among people and society so as to improve the personal satisfaction for everybody (Dubois, 2004), this calling helps people to make a strong social framework that help customers to accomplish their own objectives. Dubois and Krogsrud have referenced about social work reason in their book Social Work: An Empowering Profession, they said social specialists strived to discharge human force so as to guarantee the well execution for individual and to discharge social force so as to advance soci al shamefulness. (Dubois, 2004) More explicitly, the reason in Micro level is to improve customers capacity for social working and to coordinate people with positive assets. From a large scale viewpoint, the reason for existing is to invigorate the improvement of social equity. These reasons for existing are driving whole calling to endeavor to make a better society. Social Justice Social equity is a key point to advance the decency and value in our social condition. Contingent upon the idea of this course, there are a few components which are essential for social equity to exist. These components are: affirmation of the associations between social with politic and economy (Uvic, 2004 ), familiarity with social bad form, activity and development, reasonableness of strategy, and balance of social chance. So as to advance the equity of social development, I have situated myself as a member of social action who wants to against treachery and have duty to think fundamentally, act hostile to abusively with confidence in that everybody has option to share equivalent physical assets and to be profited by thorough strategy. Be that as it may, there are may protections hold me up when I include exercises to battle for political equity and monetary redistribution. These protections could be absence of assets and impact of bureaucratization. So as to stay away from the ob struction from these two measurements, I ought not be hesitant to scrutinize the strategy and stand up to tell government what is required by individuals. Likewise think and act basically as opposed to working hidebound. Bridget utilized her activity to look at that everybody has capacity to make distinction in our general public. We will never surrender our objective for attempting to advance equity in social framework. As American social pundit James Baldwin stated, as indicated by as far as individuals can tell, and in the event that you can modify, even by a millimeter, the manner in which individuals take a gander at the real world, at that point you can change the world. About This Profession

Blackpools Literature Character in Hard Times

Blackpool's Literature Character in Tough Times Charles Dickens Hard Times is a novel portraying the damaging powers of utilitarianism on the cutting edge world after the Industrial Revolution. Through the striking characters entwined all through the content, Dickens embodies the annihilation brought about by the motorization and dehumanization of people as assembly line laborers. This focal topic is most promptly found in the awful character of Stephen Blackpool and the unbefitting redundancy of battles he is compelled to suffer for ethical quality and individual honesty. Indeed, even Stephens last name implies the grave, dark pools of disaster that submerge his life as a modest assembly line laborer. Dickens utilizes the setting where Stephen Blackpool lives, just as his appearance, discourse, social cooperations, and passing, to unashamedly assault the dangerous idea of utilitarianism. In the tenth part of Dickens Book the First, Stephen Blackpool is first presented as a character in the boring Coketown production line setting. In the most diligent piece of Coketownwhere Nature was as firmly bricked out as executing pretense and gases were bricked inthe entire an unnatural family, bearing, and stomping on, and squeezing each other to deathamong the large number of Coketownlived a specific Stephen Blackpool, forty years old (68). Stephen originates from the inward most heart of the working town. While represented Nature would be relied upon to live among a solid network of individuals, counterfeit blocks have been raised in Coketown to make an unnatural town with pictures of destructive gas, exhaust, and brown haze. Indeed, even the nuclear family, which is regularly seen as the center component of most networks, has been torn apart and set against itself with rivalry, bearing, and stomping on. Inside the cruel and as a rule perilous universe of industrial facility work, a man of forty years old would be viewed as a senior laborer. For Steven to have made due to the age of forty bears witness to his persistence and continuance as a loom weaver. The setting where Stephen is portrayed accentuates the difference between the outside, poisonous condition and his actual personality that is uncovered as a man of heart, trustworthiness, and goodness in the accompanying parts. Many years of work as a weaver in Coketown have formed the physical appearance of Stephens body: a fairly stooping man, with a sewed forehead, a contemplating demeanor of face, and a hard-looking head adequately spacious (68). Harsh, endured, and stooping pictures portray Stephens state of being, yet past the profound forehead and slouching shoulders lie looks into his actual character: a contemplating, looking, hard-looking man with a sufficient limit with regards to goodness. Following this short portrayal of Stephens appearance, the peruser is quickly told, whereby another person had gotten had of his roses, he had been equipped with someone elses thistles notwithstanding his own (68). Without a doubt Stephen Blackpool is a burdened character with battered scars from life in Coketown. The roses of life, regardless of whether established in a glad marriage, a dependable family, a delightful activity, or an existence of productive works, have all been denied to Stephen. As a man wit h thistles and torment, Stephen can't make due in his current position. Coketown and other industrial facility towns driven exclusively by industry and creation don't esteem people like Stephen. He was a decent force loom weaver, and a man of flawless trustworthiness (69). The essential estimation of Stephens life is set in his way of life as a decent force loom weaver. No one but optionally would he be able to be depicted as having immaculate trustworthiness since laborers in this utilitarian framework were exclusively esteemed in the quantitative proportions of creation. Through the character of Stephen Blackpool, Dickens declares uprightness and distinction have no spot to establish and develop in these somber conditions. Symbolically, Stephen can be viewed as a character that speaks to what befalls modern specialists when they are dehumanized and esteemed uniquely for production line yield. While this figurative portrayal remains constant all through Dickens tale, Stephen can likewise be inspected on an unmistakable and one of a kind level when contrasted with the other assembly line laborers. When found according to different workers, alluded to as Hands in Hard Times, Stephen held no station among different Hands who could make addresses and continue discusses (68). His straightforward discourse and failure to deny individual honesty drives Stephen into further disaster once Slackbridge and other association fomenters ascend against him. In the wake of being thrown out of his laborers gathering, Stephen must answer to the plant proprietor Mr. Bounderby. When incited by Bounderby to hand-off data on the people prompting the United Aggregate Tribunal, Steven reacts, Theyve not doon me a kindnessbut w hat accepts as he has doon his obligation by the rest and without anyone else. God preclude as I, that ha ettn a drooken wi em, a seetn wi em, and toiln wi em, and lovn em, ought to bomb hide to stan by em wi reality, let em ha doon to me what they may (151). Despite the fact that Stephen has been dismissed and deserted by his kindred specialists, he will not give Bounderby any data to use against the workers. In addition to the fact that Stephens characters mirror the complexity between the fomenters debasement and his own standard of excellence, yet his character additionally underscores the differences between the workers destitution and fraternity when contrasted with Bounderbys opulence and personal circumstance. To more noteworthy epitomize the divergence among Stephen and Bounderbys characters, Dickens composes, Now, a Gods name, said Stephen Blackpool, show me the law to support me! Fix! Theres a sacredness in this connection of life, said Mr Bounderby, and-and-it must be kept up' (79). In people group like Coketown, fairness between the production line workers and proprietors can't exist on the grounds that unmistakable figures like Bounderby make certain to keep up holiness and imbalance regardless of what the ethical expense. When taking a gander at the character of Stephen Blackpool, Dickens focuses on the distinct difference and inconsistency between the beliefs of utilitarian networks rather than the standards of a man like Stephen Blackpool with impeccable respectability. When Stephen is ousted from Coketown for his affirmed and unwarranted profanation, he winds up looking for another home. Upon Stephens takeoff from Coketown, Dickens comments, so unusual to abandon the stacks to the flying creatures. So bizarre to have the street dust on his feet rather than the coal-coarseness. So bizarre to have lived to his season of life, but then to be starting like a kid this late spring morning! (167). So weird to understand the mistreatment tossed on a man like Stephen Blackpool with flawless character. At the point when Stephens name is inevitably defamed for the theft of Bounderbys bank, he distinctly comes back to Coketown to guard his respect and respectability. Notwithstanding, in the wake of tumbling down the Old Hell Shaft, Stephen communicates his withering wish to Mr. Gradgrind, Sir, yo will clear me a mak my name great wi aw men. This I leave to you (274). Without a name of respect to live on, Coketowns instigators would interminably vanquish Stephe ns honesty; along these lines a demonstrated innocence for Stephen is of most extreme significance. When Stephen capitulates to his deadly injuries from the fall, Dickens composes, the star had given him where to discover the God of poor people; and through lowliness, and distress, and absolution, he had gone to his Redeemers rest (275). Just in death can a decent man like Stephen discover harmony and rest from the dark pools of catastrophe that tormented his life in the utilitarian setting of Coketown. Dickens subject of delineating the damaging powers of utilitarianism, automation, and dehumanization is found all through the setting of Hard Times, and explicitly in the character of Stephen Blackpool. By molding the respect showed in this characters physical appearance, discourse, social communications and demise to obtrusively differentiate the absence of profound quality in utilitarian industrialization, Dickens voices his judgment on the damaging dehumanization present during this cutting edge time. Except if changes are made, in the expressions of Stephen Blackpoolâ ­a man of perfect integrityâ ­the world will flood with dark pools of catastrophe and unavoidably become an obfuscate! Aw a tangle! (273).

Honoring The Knights Of The Round Table - 1179 Words

The word honor and its meaning, hasn’t changed much from the medieval times to the present day. In the medieval times, honor wasn’t just a word, but it was a way of life for the knights like King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table. Honor was a just one of multiple building blocks that King Arthur and his knights followed. The word is something that keeps the knight’s humanity intact, but some cases honor can be defined as people become divided depending on their social states. Within the knights, they are usually held at a higher standard than others. In the country of Brazil, honor has the same meaning from the medieval times in regards to respecting others. It is also shown that in Brazil, â€Å"the community attempts to divide the upper-class families who are considered honorable from the lower-class families† (Wiki). In the last week, a tragedy accident happened to a Brazil soccer team who were seeking a Cinderella ending. With this past tragedy , honor has been show to the team of Chapecoense and the country of Brazil. The same can be said about the passing of King Arthur and how honor was shown for someone of importance passing. I have learned a lot of interesting facts that I didn’t know about the medieval times, especially the era of King Arthur. Honor in the era of Arthur is essentially the same as it is in today’s generation. The only difference is that the knights had a code that they were supposed to follow to be a knight with chivalry. Chivalry was theShow MoreRelatedThe Heroic Code Of Sir Gawain841 Words   |  4 PagesGreen Knight. Sir Gawain was faced with many trials and tribulations through his journey that forced him to stay true to his Heroic Code. The principles that Sir Gawain demonstrated in the pursuit of the Green Knight are respecting women, service to the king with bravery, honor, and faith, and staying committed to his religious practices. 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For the 2012 edition: This book is dedicated to my wife Hellan whose good advice has improved the book in many ways. vi Table of Contents Preface.........................................................................................................................................................iii Copyright ...........................................................

Gender, Gender And The Media - 1501 Words

This book was written in a clear style with lots of instances from Anglo-American media, Gender and the Media. It provides a critical introduction to the study of gender in the media and updated assessment of the crucial issues and debates. The book looks in detail at five kinds of media: news, advertising, talk shows, magazines and contemporary screen and paperback romances. It is examined how presentations of female and male are changing in recent years. Gill asks how useful nations such as objectification, backlash and positive images are for making sense of gender in today’s western media. Gender and the Media asks some of the significant terminology that have been used to study gender in media texts, since scholars and activists first engaged with media representations of gender. This book aims to explore how the media today construct femininity, masculinity and gender relations. Digital media and gender are different topics, but they have close connection in society. Digital media is one of the main types of media, it can be created, viewed, distributed, modified on digital electronics devices. It plays a significant role in society and culture, and also it can cause dramatic influences on human’s lives. Gender is usually seen as a socially determined difference based upon the biological differences between the sex. These representations of media can influence the general public s perception of the different genders. Sexting is a prevalent hot spot in recent yearsShow MoreRelatedMedia Representation Of Gender And Gender3046 Words   |  13 Pagesreview key issues in one of the following areas of media representation: ethnicity, gender, sexuality or any one select area of your choice Introduction This essay will critically discuss key issues of the media representation of gender. Firstly media representation and gender will be defined and conceptualised, then theories of media representation regarding gender will be discussed in depth and evaluated. The key issues of media representation of gender will be discussed critically from the viewpointsRead MoreEffect Of Gender And Gender Representation On Media1735 Words   |  7 PagesThe effect of gender and gender representation in media has been widely researched in various academic disciplines, including anthropology and communication studies. Similar gender role expectations are not just restricted to Western culture either. A study on gender representation in East Asian advertising by Michael Prieler is a demonstration of the influence of gendered communication. The research examines the male and female representation in the advertising of East Asian countries like HongRead MoreImpact Of Media On Gender And The Media1303 Wor ds   |  6 PagesImpact of Media on Gender Annie Hernandez Keiser University August 13, 2014 Abstract Boys and girls have for long spans of time considered themselves to be different. The media and advertising has played a significant role to make sure that they influence the way that boys and girls view themselves. Society has always had a main focus on getting people to behave in certain ways, the media has been magnificent at causing each gender to classify themselves in particular waysRead MoreGender Roles And The Media867 Words   |  4 Pagessee women in the media have many roles that men have, such as, police officer, doctor and running to become president, while a nurse and teacher have emerged as both men and women jobs. Over time, the media show how gender role had changed but are what the media is showing the truth about the gender roles in the United States. Historian and scholar had written about this subject of gender roles and how the media affect our view. Thesis statement Reality vs. Fiction Is the media giving the publicRead MoreGender Stereotypes In The Media1207 Words   |  5 Pages Gender Stereotypes are everywhere in the world. This paper will focus on the formation of Gender stereotypes through different media sources. The media sources that will be used include television shows, movies and magazines. Thus the paper will also explore the effect that gender stereotyping may have on development of a person’s social and individual identity. There were many different media sources that I used to see where Gender Stereotypes were predominant. First of all I reviewed differentRead MoreGender Representation Of The Media1147 Words   |  5 PagesGender representation in the media has sparked a lot of arguments amongst many scholars regarding the way females are depicted (Broude Garrard, 1995: Thornham, 2007). Over the last few years many female emancipation campaigns targeted at correcting the current representation of females in the media have emerged (Carson, Dittmar Welsch, 1994: Miller, 2003). But is the media really representing women as sexual objects? This is a question that lingers in the minds of many people whenever this argumentRead MoreGender Portrayal Of The Media813 Words   |  4 PagesGender Portrayal in Media Media; â€Å"The main means of mass communication (broadcasting, publishing, and the Internet) regarded collectively† Oxford dictionary. In recent years a rising issue of media gender portrayal has been massively looked at from a sociological perspective. Everything and every picture has been depicted in this primarily visual age. There’s a giant number of visual information going through our conscious and subconscious daily at a fast pace. A lot of different point of viewsRead MoreThe Representation Of Gender And Media978 Words   |  4 PagesNowadays the representation of gender in media has become very common. It is all about the representation of phenomenally rapid change: change’s in gender relation transformations in media technologies, regulatory frameworks, content ownership and theoretical revolutions in the approaches used to make sense of gender representations. Gender and media aims to freeze the frame, press the pause button, or hit the refresh key to construct that how media shows social stereotypes. There are many advertisementsRead MoreGender Stereotypes In The Media1391 Words   |  6 PagesGender stereotypes are everywhere. Even before we can understand what this means, people are constantly exposed to them through advertisements, toys, clothes, and the media including television shows and movies. To evaluate the prevalence of gender stereotypes in television programs targeted towards young children, I chose to watch four different shows called Phineas and Ferb, Little Einsteins, Horrid Henry, and Sofia the First. When picking what shows to watch, I intentionally selected at leastRead MoreHow Media Presents Gender And Gender Issues1598 Words   |  7 Pagesrelevant to how media presents gender and gender issues. It portrays these issues in both traditional and nontraditional ways, and even though jokes are made regarding gender issues, the satirical nature of the show serves a purpose of keeping social issues a current topic for people to consider in their daily lives. Season 18, Episode 3 aired on October 18, 2014. It’s title, â€Å"Cissy†, is a play on the term â€Å"Cisgender†. Cisgender people are those whose self-identity conforms with the gender that corresponds

The Bible And The Slavery - 1568 Words

The bible has been used to argue for support and the abolishment of slavery. The first mention of slaves in the bible is in Exodus talking about the Israelite enslaved by the Egyptians. â€Å"So they put slave masters over them to oppress them with forced labor† (Exodus 1:11). However, God delivered the Israelites out of slavery from the Egyptians. That should have been enough evidence that God does not accept slavery by anyone. The way that slavery is spoken about in the bible makes it seem that the bible approves of slavery, when read in the literal meaning. Slavery was practiced all throughout the world, Noah cursed Canaan the son of Ham â€Å"Cursed be Canaan! The lowest of slaves will he be to his brothers. Praise be to the Lord, the God of Shem! May Canaan be the slave of Shem. May God extend Japheth’s territory; may Japheth live in the tents of Shem, and may Canaan be the slave of Japheth† (Genesis 9:25-27). The Africans were thought to be descendants of Canaan and were supposed to be â€Å"servants of servants† (Morrison, 1980). In Larry R. Morrison’s article it stated â€Å"Jews would be exterminated as a nation and dispersed over the earth, but would be restored. However, nowhere in the Bible was there a prophecy which removed the curse of slavery from the descendants of Ham and Canaan† (Morrison, 1980). Evangelical scholars from the slave holding souther n United Stated who were against the release of slaves came up with a comprehensive and well-known â€Å"biblical theology†Show MoreRelatedThe Slavery Of The Bible1371 Words   |  6 Pagesthemselves in a manner that the Bible would condone. Yet the Bible is left largely to personal interpretation, so the way people conducted themselves was varied person to person. As slavery was a hotly contested subject in the nation, people yearned to prove that their beliefs were in line with scripture, and that they were divinely sanctioned to behave how they did. Both pro and anti slavery sentiment were largely fueled by interpretation of scripture, as the Bible does provide substance for bothRead MoreEssay Slavery in the Bible784 Words   |  4 PagesSlavery in the Bible The first mention of slavery in the Bible is found in Noahs declaration, Cursed be Canaan! The lowest of slaves will he be to his brothers (Gen. 9:25). He said this after waking up from a naked, drunken stupor and learning that his son Ham had mocked him. Although Ham was the guilty party, Noahs statement was directed at Hams youngest son Canaan. If he was involved with his father in this act of disrespect, the statement can be taken as the pronouncement of a curse, CursedRead MoreThe Bible As A Support For Slavery880 Words   |  4 PagesIn many occassions people have used the Bible as a support for slavery. Slavery refers to individuals that are owned by others, whom have full control of their excistance. As time passed by, slavery developed and was the cause of many conflicts. In the movie Twelve Years of Slave we can see how slavery builds the inferno everyone burns. In an analysis of the movie for Commmonweal magazine, Richard Alleva said, To suggest that slave owners suffere d as much as slaves would be obscene. In theRead MoreThe Bible in Relation to Slavery Essay1773 Words   |  8 PagesThe Bible is the best-selling book of all time, and with good reason. For the stories written in it have changed the way many think and even believe when it comes to the power greater than this world. The Bible holds very specific opinions on things such as slavery, who humans should treat each other, and ultimately social justice. It has been one of the most important foundations for allowing social reform to occur in modern day history as well as the history of the whole world. However, it isRead MoreThe Slavery Of Slavery And Slavery944 Words   |  4 Pagescondemn slavery. The South also used religion as their argument, but instead, they used the Bible to argue that slavery was an acceptable part of life. People have questioned whether it was right or wrong of the South to use the bible to support their beliefs in slavery. Some would say that pro-slavery south erners had every right to use the Bible to support their beliefs. When Northerners began to use the Bible against slavery, southerners used this same argument to support it. Slavery was a practiceRead MoreWilliam Patton, An Abolitionist And Reverend937 Words   |  4 Pagesreverend, had a two-fold argument against the idea of Christianity supporting slavery which he laid out in his 1846 book â€Å"Slavery, the Bible, Infidelity†. His first argument, was that God could never support because, in simple terms, â€Å"God is just, and that slaveholding is unjust† (Patton, 6). Supporting this idea, Patton quotes Thomas Jefferson in saying in response of proslavery rhetoric, that â€Å"If your interpretation of the Bible be correct,it cannot be the word of God—for it gives him a character theRead MoreSlavery Is Not Legal Now939 Words   |  4 PagesSlavery Slavery, according to Merriam Webster means â€Å"the practice of owning slaves†. ïÆ'ŸïÆ'ŸïÆ'Ÿ This means owning people against their will and not paying them. Slavery has been around since 1916, when the first settlers of Jamestown brought with them their slaves. Slavery also has been a debate ever since the declaration of independence, when Thomas Jefferson tried to abolish slavery but North Carolina disagreed. Owning slaves back at the time was a sign of wealth and power. The slave trade important toRead MoreThe Civil War Of The United States956 Words   |  4 Pages12th 1869 and May 9th 1865. Those are worth a lot of reasons that the North went to war with the south the main reason was slavery. Where the North wanted to either get rid of slavery altogether or stop slavery from spreading to the new states coming into America the South wanted to expand slavery. Slavery has been around since the beginning of time, since back in the old Bible days. America was just one of the last remaining nations to abolish it. It was hard to abolish something that is so infusedRead MoreMiranda Fleming. Word Count: 1,674. 3/16/17. Defending1674 Words   |  7 PagesMiranda Fleming Word Count: 1,674 3/16/17 Defending Slavery: Religion and Race The history of slavery in the United States divided people by the color of their skin. During the 16th thru 18th century, people of African ethnicity were automatically considered slaves. This not only created a parceling between races but also the demarcation of the northern and southern states of the America. The northern states had asseverated their opposition of slavery while the southern states upheld their concordanceRead MoreThe Degradation Of Religion And Family From Slavery991 Words   |  4 PagesThe Degradation of Religion and Family from Slavery In the book, Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass, Douglass outlines the disturbing effects that slavery induced on society. Slaves were dehumanized, ripped from their homes and sentenced to a life of harsh work, and harsher treatment. Slaves were held at their slaveholder’s mercy, beaten, whipped, and killed for being disobedient or performing in an unsatisfactory manner. The treatment of Douglass and fellow slaves shows what the grim

Career Development George Brown

Questions: 1. Access GB Careers through the GB website. Write a summary of 2 items that you found very helpful for you on the site to support your career planning and could help you develop your career plan.2.Access Career Coach. Go to the GB site and do a search for 'Career Coach'. Write a summary of 2 items that you find helpful for you on the site to support your career planning.3.For question #1 and question#2 above respond to at least 2 colleagues thoughts on GB Careers and Career Coach( you will have at a minimum 2 replies). Think about what they have talked about and comment if that information is useful for you or maybe you have a question ...., for your colleague.Both sites talk about resumes. You have to start thinking about your resume and developing one. There are various templates online. Please look at them and try to fiqure out which one is best for you. If you already have a resume, how can you improve it?4. On Blackboard answer the following question: if you have a resume, how can you improve it?----if you don't have a resume what style of resume would represent your background well?Take a look at the resumes that the different resources at George Brown offer you and other sites we have looked at so far in class. How about TalentEgg and Career Joy. Answers: 1. (GB) career is an online job discovery website, with various employment programs to help students and jobseekers. The website has various platforms to help the jobseekers find the best job option for themselves (George Brown College, 2017). One of the best features of this website is the peer employment program that offers various job profiles with flexible schedule for the convenience of full time students (George Brown College, 2017). The program is designed to help the students develop skills, professional competency and build resilience for the hardships and challenges of the corporate world. The on-site job options provide the students a broad window of working up to 15 hours a week. It provides the students with ample opportunities to concentrate on their coursework along with earning a substantial amount to support themselves (George Brown College, 2017). Another attribute of the website is the optimal resume option provided by the website that helps the students and jobseekers construct striking resumes that catch the attention of employers easily (George Brown College, 2017). The optimal resume interface offers expert advice, optimal resume templates, and even interview tutorials. 2. George Brown College launched a research tool named career coach on January 5, 2015, that enables the students to access the up-to-date labor market information (CareerCoach, 2017). Such one-stop database research tools are extremely beneficial for the students to find the current trends in the job market and develop skills in accordance with them. Another important feature of this interface is that it gives the jobseekers the option to do a systematic search on your chosen career option (CareerCoach, 2017). In details, it enables the students to search for vacancies for on-campus jobs in their chosen career and then provides them the opportunity to find out the possible professional options that the program can lead to according to the industry trends (CareerCoach, 2017). I feel that it is a commendable initiative from the website that not only lets student find jobs in their career preference on campus but also determines what the future possibilities in our chosen field are. 3. Both the websites catch the attention of the job-seeking students positively, when approached two of my colleagues, both gave me quite similar reactions ("George Brown College", 2017). According to both of them, the career coach is the best option, impressed by the innovative features. In the current scenario, where every occupational sector is saturated, it is vital to have a clear perception about the possibilities of growth in the chosen career field. This specialized program will let us decide if our chosen field has the scope for us to attain the financial stability of our perception, and gives us an insight to determine if we want to take risks in worst-case scenarios, or if we want to switch ships. 4. GB careers and Career Coach, both the websites deals with career development advices, while GB career has a generic response, Career Coach has a very specific approach, and hence, undoubtedly it is the best option to search for jobs (CareerCoach, 2017). However, the next big step, post the selection of right career option, is constructing a resume. George Brown website offers various templates in its optimal resume interface. First option is to start the resume construction from the scratch, section by section, meticulously. Second option is to browse different resume samples, select one as per convenience and directly input the information into the template. I find that the second option is easier and more time saving and creates a professional and customized resume with advanced styles and formats. Apart from these two websites, two other websites deserve to share the spotlight in effective career development. One of them is the TalentEgg, which provides a customized resource interface called go to incubator that has different resources to develop a resume (TalentEgg, 2017). Another is CareerJoy, a Canadian website that provides resume coaches that offer complementary resume reviews and affordable packages (Careerjoy, 2017). Reference List: CareerCoach - For High-Achieving Professionals | Executive Coaching. Career Development Coaching. MBA Coaching. Assessments. We have an insider's perspective.. (2017). Careercoach.com. Retrieved 4 February 2017, from https://www.careercoach.com Careerjoy | Canada's Career Counseling | Career Counselor | Career Change | Career Advice | Career Test | Career Coach | Resume Writing | Career Expert | Career Change | Interview | Job search. (2017). Careerjoy.com. Retrieved 4 February 2017, from https://www.careerjoy.com George Brown College. (2017). Georgebrown.ca. Retrieved 4 February 2017, from https://www.georgebrown.ca TalentEgg.ca - Find Entry Level, Student Jobs, Internships, Summer Jobs. (2017). TalentEgg. Retrieved 4 February 2017, from https://www.talentegg.ca

Synthesis and Purification of Acetylsalicylic Acid free essay sample

Synthesis and Purification of Acetylsalicylic Acid (ASA or Aspirin) Background Salicylic acid is a phenol as well as a carboxylic acid. It can therefore undergo two different types of esterification reactions, creating an ester either with the hydroxyl or with the acid. In the presence of acetic anhydride, acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin or ASA) is formed. Correspondingly, an excess of methanol will form methyl salicylate, which is also an analgesic. In this experiment, we shall use the former reaction to prepare aspirin. Salicylic acid will not react significantly with acetic acid to produce aspirin. Acetic acid anhydride, however, is more reactive than acetic acid because the acetoxy group (-O2CCH3) is a much better leaving group than the OH- of acetic acid. The reaction has one complication, however, in that an esterification can occur between the phenol and acid portion of adjacent salicylic acid molecules. Further, more molecules can bind to the remaining free substituents on these molecules to create a macromolecule, or polymer. We will write a custom essay sample on Synthesis and Purification of Acetylsalicylic Acid or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The polymer is formed as a by-product. Acetylsalicylic acid will react with sodium bicarbonate to form a water-soluble sodium salt, whereas the polymer remains insoluble. This difference can be used to purify the aspirin product. The most likely impurity in the final product is salicylic acid, which can be either unconsumed reactant, or the result of hydrolysis of the aspirin product. Salicylic acid is removed during the purification steps as well. Salicylic acid, like most phenols, forms a highly colored complex with ferric chloride, and is easily detected. Aspirin does not form the colored complex because the hydroxyl has been acetylated. Provide tabulated and experimental MP’s for product. Report mass and moles for the reactant and product, and calculate yield % on a molar basis. Mechanism The mechanism is called nucleophilic acyl substitution. It is similar, but not identical, to the hydrolysis on pg 802. The entering nucleophile is salicylic acid, not water. On the resulting tetrahedral intermediate, the H from salicylic acid moves to the middle O on the anhydride. Finally, the leaving group is acetic acid, not chloride. No base is involved. Provide structures of all intermediates in your lab report.

Locantro Essays

Locantro Essays Locantro Essay Locantro Essay Artifacts are remains such as tools jewelry and other human made objects Culture peoples unique way of life Hominid a member of a biological group including human beings and related species that walk Paleolithic Age a prehistoric period that lasted from about 2,500,000 to 8000 B. C Neolithic Age a prehistoric period that started 8000 Technology the ways in which ppl apply knowledge tools and inventions to meet there needs Homo sapiens Homo sapiens is the scientific name for the human species.Homo is the human genus, which also includes Neanderthals and many other extinct species. Chapter 1 In 1992, Gen Suwa, a paleontologist from Japan discoveries in east Africa one of the oldest hominid teeth ever found Over the next two years, additional remains were uncovered like arm bones and parts of a skull and jaw that belonged to 17 ppl Just 45 miles away in 1974 Donald C. Johanson and Tom Gray uncovered a 3. 2 million year old Skelton. Tool making the use of tools wa s one of the earliest aspects of culture that ppl formedThe Stone Age name used to idem Homo habilis lived during first of Paleolithic period Oldest hominids known to create tools Lived In Africa from about 2. 5 to 1. 5 million Language Instead of just making sounds and signals to show emotion and direction Homo erectus may have been talking to each other about 500,000 years ago Laungage was one of humanitys greatest accomplishments What benefits did language do to humanity Made it for ppl to work together Enabled ppl to exchange ideas about the worldProvided a way for ppl to socialize evidence of early Homo sapiens goes back as far as 200,000 years ago Neanderthals most likely the first Homo sapiens Neanderthals stood about 5,5 tall their brains were slightly bigger than todays modern day humans Most lived in small groups of 35 to 50 ppl Were nomads therefor did not live in one place permately Lived in caves or over from cliffs Wore heavy clothing made from animal skins to stay war m and protected

The Evolution of Communication Technology and Personal Impact Coursework

The Evolution of Communication Technology and Personal Impact - Coursework Example Even the style of learning was primitive. Many of the natural sciences were still in their first stages of development and the only way that information could be shared was through books. The one drawback was language and the ability to mass-produce. Literacy was a privilege among many cultures, so while everyone could speak their respective language, very few could write and read it. These books were also extremely valuable as not many copies were available during these periods. At many times, only one or two copies would have existed in the world. As such, learning and communication hindered human growth intellectually (Greff, 1987). The first real use of electronic communication started with the advent of Morse code. Samuel F. B. Morse created Morse code in the beginning of the 1840s. Communication and information was transmitted through a series of tones as either dots or dashes. A decoder could then be used to translate these messages (Noth, 1990). This was an extremely useful and important technological development in the age of communications. The biggest purpose was not that of education however, Morse code was instrumental in allowing communication of information and strategic planning during World War I and World War II (Mullener, 2002). This original development of communication technology would later come to serve as the communication of ideas, which is fundamental in scholasticism today. The next biggest leap in technology was the development of the first computers, which started in the mid twentieth century. At this time, the ancient computers were nowhere near the computers we use today. It was very common for a computer to take up many, many rooms in a single building and still only be... The Evolution of Communication Technology and Personal Impact As science and research developed during the many industrial and technological revolutions in the world, more and better technologies have been created. Every single person in the world is connected by a single technology alone: communications technology (Elahi, 2001). This includes cell phones, computers, Internet, etc. and they have all revolutionized the way in which we lead our lives. One of the most important developments that these technologies have influenced is the way in which we learn and assimilate information. Traditional learning in the classroom has been enhanced with computers and the Internet allows students to bring the world inside the classroom (Wingard, 2004). Personally, I have seen the benefits of this having been able to take classes while being able to still pursue an active career. The ways that the Internet and technology has developed has made it easier to learn as well as enhanced many aspects of learning to become multidiscipline. Mobile technologies h ave further revolutionized the educational system by allowing greater opportunities and greater exposure to new forms of learning, which can be beneficial to not only traditional students, but also those returning to school to earn their degree (Manner, 2003).  The first methods of communication were derived through writing. Technology has been existent in the past, present, and will be in the future. It shapes world events and the course of human development.

Total Productive Maintenance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Total Productive Maintenance - Essay Example However in order to undertake an effective Total Productive Maintenance process some important factors should be taken into consideration. It is important to understand both the potential rewards and the associated risks. The main aim of this paper is to summarize what has been written so far about the Total Productive Maintenance process and to propose a methodological approach in order to conduct a research concerning this issue. The paper is also aimed at analyzing and testing the effectiveness of the contributing factors in the implementation of the Total Productive Maintenance process. TPM is combination the ideas of people operating the equipment and people maintaining it (Robert, 2002). Maintenance affects all aspects of business effectiveness - risk, safety, environmental sustainability achieved, energy efficiency, and product quality and customer service, i.e. not just plant availability and costs. Downtime has always affected adversely the capability of physical assets by reducing output, increasing operating costs and lowering customer service (Moubray, 2000) It was also found that the TPM facilitator must be motivated and proactive to make best use of their meetings with management, promote TPM and implement the training received. They must also be persuasive and have the ability to coach and train people in the TPM methodology (Ireland & Dale, 2006) In order to implement a successful TPM it is important to keep a data of the problems occurred in the equipment, the down time and the solution provided (Besterfield, Michna, Besterfield & Sacre). Hence the first developed hypothesis is: H1: The successful implementation of TPM is dependent upon the availability of past data related to equipment. Increase in employee empowerment is another important factor, which contribute to the effectiveness of the total productive maintenance. The enthusiasm of employees can be improved by setting challenging targets and specifying how to achieve them. Autonomy is the core concept of empowerment, while the management retains control through information systems, choice of processes and available tools (Agyris, 1998). Hence the hypothesis develops as: H2: Higher the level of employees autonomy higher the level of success of TPM. The information and ideas are successfully exchanged through communication between persons and groups. It is important to exchange the ideas and information in a mutually understandable manner. It is important to train the employees regarding the change to be undertaken in the organization. The third hypothesis to be tested is the role of training of employees in the TPM. H3: Is it necessary to undertake TQM with TPM. Hence as mentioned below the TPM is the 5S step-by-step program: 1 - Cleaning & Restoration: Thoroughly restore & clean. Motivation through participation. 2 - Eliminate Stains, Mixed, Contamination: Study Root Causes of Dirt, Mixing, Loss, and damage and take actions. 3 - Improve Accessibility: Achieve 1 minute accessibility time for

The Innocence Commission Essay Example for Free

The Innocence Commission Essay Introduction:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Criminal justice in most of the judicial bodies should be based on truth and fairness in order to give a rightful conviction. Effectiveness of criminal justice is portrayed by their ability to identify offender after thorough investigations are carried out so that one can be sure that the person being accused of offence is truly guilty. Fairness is reached when there is enough evidence given at all points, there is legal representation of prongs in criminal justice which are undermined by wrongful conviction. Wrongful conviction makes one to face torture or punishment for the mistake that he or she did not commit and the one who has actually committed crime finally goes free. Causes of wrongful conviction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are quite a number of issues which cause wrongful conviction to individuals who are innocent. Wrongful conviction results to someone being arrested for crime which he or she has not committed. Wrongful conviction can be caused by:- Government mis-conduct Junk science False confession Government mis-conduct.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Wrongful conviction can be facilitated by misconducts by the government. This is evidenced when police use their powers excessively to deal with a crime which they are not fully aware of its cause. In this case individuals are convicted for their honest mistake that they make. They are usually convicted and no evidence is used to show that they have committed that mistake. In other cases weak evidence are portrayed but they do not show or indicate that, that particular person has committed that crime. Corruption in police force and in various judicial bodies has lead to wrongful conviction of individuals who have not committed crime. In most cases the accused can be judged wrongfully when the accuser give bribe to the police or judge who in return does no listen or take evidence from the accused and therefore he or she ends up being confirmed guilty of the mistake which he or she did not commit.   Mistaken identity can be another factor that can facilitate government mis-conduct. This happens when police do not take time to get enough details of the person that they are supposed to arrest and therefore they end up arresting someone similar to the one who committed the crime (DPIC. 2008). In other cases, people can bear the same name and when police are investigating on the crime, they do not take time to know the exact person they are supposed to arrest. In resent days, government mis-conduct has remained as one of the major cause wrongful conviction in most individuals who fails victims of wrongful conviction. Junk science   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In confirming an individual who has committed crime, various scientific studies can be carried out by trained experts. These studies help to reveal the identity of the one who committed crime. When the evidence of identifying the person is mis-handled or unqualified individuals are used to carry out the research, wrongful conviction can occur since the pure identity of the one committed crime is not revealed and this can else show identity of another individual. Evidence is usually collected at the scene of crime and when its not handled accurately it can be mis-handled or labeling exchanged which end up giving false results in regard to crime. The task should be carried out by experienced individual who are fully trained so that reliable results in regard to the one who committed crime are produced. This however, can be possible by ensuring that there is quality control and assurance when conducting the laboratory procedures. Therefore in carrying out scientific study to help in determining the one who committed crime, care need to be taken so that the evidence is handled correctly to give reliable results which would not result in wrongful conviction. False confession.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In most cases, wrongful conviction has been caused by false confessions. False confession can come about when the one confessing or giving evidence of the crime is mentally ill. Mental illness can make someone to confess on a crime which he or she has not committed or if the mentally ill person is giving evidence he or she can give wrong allegations concerning the accused. In other cases, police can use force and torture to individual to force someone to confess crimes which they have not committed. Police can false individual to give evidence after torturing individuals who finally gives up and decide to give wrong evidence out of torture that they get. Individual can be tortured also to give wrong allegations on someone else who has been convicted wrongfully (Holligan, 2003). These wrong evidences consequently results to convicting individuals wrongfully. During conviction of individuals, correct evidence should be gathered from mentally fit individual and police should not be allowed to torture individuals to give evidence in regard to crime and therefore they should be left to give evidence freely.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Court should come up with various ways to ensure that cases of wrongful conviction are fully eliminated or they are reduced to minimum level to help those individuals who suffer greatly in prison while they are innocent as a result of being convicted wrongfully. The court has established various ways of ensuring that the problem is dealt with accordingly. This ways include: The court should first establish the main causes of wrongful convictions. Court should carry out research on these causes so as to ensure that they are dealt with fully. The court should review cases so that they can have better understanding of wrongful conviction. Appropriate constituent should ensure that they have the best practice. Issues of systematic level in examination of wrongful conviction should be examined. This can be enhanced when court get involved in commission which will ensure that all the above is addressed and the issues of wrongful conviction are reduced.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The court before giving their final ruling on the one who committed crime, the magistrates should first ensure that they are aware of the many causes of wrongful conviction so that they can establish them and understand them fully before giving their judgment on crime. By being aware of these causes, the courts ensure that judgments are not based on unreliable evidence and therefore judgment should always be based on reliable evidence (Sprouts, 2005). This evidence should be given forth by reliable individual who can be fully trusted of evidence that they produce in court to help in ruling of the convicted individual.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Before giving out ruling, the court should ensure that it has carried out reliable research so that they can deal with cases which are brought forth rightfully (Rosen, 1992). These researches will help to establish whether the evidence collected is reliable. Research such as cause and result of wrongful conviction should be carried out so that the court can understand the torture that those who are convicted wrongly undergo. Therefore, by carrying out various researches, the court can finally be able to always give the rightful conviction.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another way of reducing these wrongful conviction the court need to review various cases which have been wrongfully convicted so that they can evaluate the cause of those cases and come up with measures of ensuring that they are finally resolved. Best practices should be carried out by the court to ensure that those cases that they handle and the evidence that they use in ruling are reliable so that they can avoid unreliable sources which will cause wrongful conviction of individuals. Such practices includes, using experienced experts to gather enough information in regard to the crime being investigated.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Systemic levels of examining various cases should be enhanced by court which will help the court to follow the case step by step so that the ruling given is the right one. Step by step follow up of cases can give reliable results to base judgment on. These systemic orders should be carried out by the court from the time the crime is committed and the scene of crime, to collection and presentation of evidence to the court by reliable individual. When these are followed, reliable evidence is finally gathered which prevents wrongful conviction.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are quite a number of individuals who were convicted wrongly in and faced trial of crimes that they did not commit. One of the outstanding examples of an individual who was wrongfully convicted is David Milgaard who was wrongfully charged of raping Gail Miller out of false confession. Out of pressure and continued intellogation by the police, David’s finally changed the truth concerning the evidence they had in regard to the crime until it took to the version of police which lead to arrest of David. All the witnesses who were called upon to give testimony in regard to David were intimidated by the police who made them to give wrong information. After going through torture, the witness had to give information which pleased the police so that they could use it to file charges on David for crime which he had not committed. David tried to persuade the court but no one could listen to him since they believed that they had enough evidence. But after a lot of effort which was employed by David and the family, they finally managed to get reliable evidence out of DNA testing which they used to prove that David did not actually commit that crime. According to federal government, they compensated David for being convicted wrongfully. In this case, torture should not be used to get evidence and reliable evidence should be used before convicting an individual.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another victim of wrongful conviction is Richard Alexander who was accused falsely of four rape cases after the statement which was released by the victim. After DNA study was carried out, it did not show him as the suspect of the case but the victim confessed that he was the one who committed that crime. During his stay in court, investigators were convinced that he is guilty since there are more rape cases which occurred when he was in custody. This enabled him to prove himself innocent since the other three cases mentioned him but by that time he was in police custody.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another individual who was wrongfully convicted was Alan Crotzer who was sent to prison in 1982. Alan was convicted of being among the three men accused of robbing white occupants in their apartment in Timpa and rapped a woman and a child (Wickham, 2007). They were accused of sexually assaulting them and leaving them tied to a tree. Crotzer was arrested since his picture was picked at the scene of crime. Crotzer was convicted wrongful and sentenced for a period of 130 years. He was behind bars for 24 years but after DNA test was carried out he was finally released and proved innocent.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Therefore, in conclusion, wrongful conviction has caused many innocent individuals to suffer for mistake committed by other individuals who finally goes free. For fairness to be reached, the court should ensure that investigation and reliable evidence are used to determine the one who has actually committed the crime. Wrongful conviction results to torture and should be minimized and avoided at all levels. Reference: Rosen P. (1992). Wrongful conviction in Criminal Justice. Retrieved from: http://dsp-psd.pwgsc.gc.ca/Collection-R/LoPBdP/BP/bp285-e.htm Wickham D. (2007). Wrongfully convicted man. Retrieved from: http://blogs.usatoday.com/oped/2007/05/wrongly_convict.html Sprouts M. (2005). Swanns way. United State: Barne and Noble Holligan B. (2003). Adventure and Law and Justice. Sydney: UNSW DPIC. (2008). Causes of Wrongful Conviction. Retrieved from: file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/user/Desktop/Causes%20of%20Wrongful%20Convictions.htm

Rice Works to Keep Gaza Pullout on Track :: essays research papers

Rice Works to Keep Gaza Pullout on Track By BARRY SCHWEID, AP Diplomatic Writer 1 hour, 8 minutes ago WASHINGTON - Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice scrambled her schedule Friday to add a trip to the Middle East designed to nurture Israel's promised withdrawal from Gaza and part of the West Bank despite a spate of terror attacks. ADVERTISEMENT With the pullout a month away, State Department spokesman Sean McCormack said, "All the parties need to make the maximum effort to see that this disengagement process is a success." McCormack gave no precise date for Rice to meet with Israeli and Palestinian leaders, but the trip was tacked onto one to Africa she is expected to undertake next week. "It's a potentially historic moment, and the parties should seize the opportunity to realize all the potential from this disengagement," the spokesman said, indicating Rice also wants to look beyond this summer's Israeli pullback. McCormack said Rice would cover Senegal, Sudan, Israel and the Palestinian territories from Tuesday through July 24. In spite of a surge of terror attacks, Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon remains committed to pulling all settlers and troops out of Gaza and part of the West Bank. But Sharon has frequently made clear that he does not intend to give ground under threat of terror. Rice's diversion to the region from Africa, where she had been considering a number of stops, was announced after a flare-up of violence that threatened an already tattered Mideast truce. Rice has used telephone diplomacy in the last few days to try to keep Israel and the Palestinians on track to an orderly withdrawal and to encourage Palestinian leaders to go after terrorists. She told Palestinian leader Mahmoud Abbas, while returning on her jet plane from an Asian trip Wednesday, that he must take immediate action to find and prosecute those responsible for the killing of four Israelis this week in Netanya.

NATURE and How It Affects the Human Views

The written works of E.B. White and Loren Eiseley primary show the importance of literary implications upon the truth that connects nature with human behaviors. From their writings, It could be noted that the views of the authors upon the relation of natural wealth with the wealth of human individuals which they primary have in themselves.   To be able to explain this idea further, an examination on the stories of the said authors shall be explained in this paper. However, to continue with the observation of the written works, it is important to carry these following questions in mind during the discussion: How does the description of nature on the part of each author reflect the abilities of humans to change and retain their characteristics at the same time? How does the explanation of Natural adjustments able to picture the actual adjustments that humans deal with themselves everyday? How well did the authors discuss the ways by which nature itself becomes a metaphor to the human ways? Once More to the Lake by E.B. White The narrative description adapted by White in this particular story has much related the idea she was portraying to the trip that their family made to the pond when they went for a vacation. From the narration, it could be observed that she had a detailed description of every creature that she found to have inherited the areas that they were passing by. The life-based descriptions of the author upon the different living things that she saw along their journey showed so much connection with the human behavior towards the different situations that they are faced with everyday. The ways by which the animals tried to adapt to the changing climate as well as the changing situations that they needed to face in the environments that they exist with noted the fact the plants as well as the small animals picture the actualization if the fact that humans too are able to adjust with all the challenges that th they face in life everyday, that whatever the situations may post to them, they are trying their best to survive the pressures to the best possible way that they could. The Brown Wasps by Loren Eiseley In this particular writing, the small insects such as the mice were attested by the author as primary metaphors of the human behavior. This particular behavior relates the human creation towards the fact that they are able to make possible adjustments in their lifestyle depending on the environment that they are living in. It is undeniable that the ways by which the mice try to search for the best possibilities in the area that they are currently living in describes the exact process utilized by humans to adjust to the lives that they are supposed to face as individuals depending on the changes in their own society. Conclusion As a summary of the entire discussion presented herein, it is undeniable that both authors show the fact that the human behavior is indeed related to the fact that they are opportunists, like that of the small insects and small plants that are transferred from one place to another because of the wind or because of the demands of the climate, humans are also forced to change their lifestyle based on the environment that they are living in. This particular characteristic of humans makes it easier to survive life as they are able to portray in life right now. Reference: E.B. White Once More to the Lake (1941). http://www.moonstar.com/~acpjr/Blackboard/Common/Essays/OnceLake.html. (October 26, 2007). The Brown Wasps by Loren Eiseley. (1992). http://www.megaessays.com/viewpaper/97173.html. (October 26, 2007).         

Anne Bradstreet Americas First Published Poet